What is the main role of the electrical transformer in the power system, and what is its basic principle?

The main role of the electrical transformer in the power system is to transform the voltage to facilitate the transmission of power. Then, after the voltage is stepped up by the step-up electrical transformer, the line loss can be reduced, the economy of power transmission can be improved, and the purpose of long-distance power transmission can be achieved; the step-down transformer can convert the high voltage into the voltage of each level required by the user to meet the needs of the user.

The electrical transformer is an electrical device that works according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the primary coil is added with voltage and the alternating current flows through it, an alternating magnetic flux is generated in the iron core. Most of the magnetic flux interlinks the secondary coil, which is called the main magnetic flux. Then, under the action of the main magnetic flux, the coils on both sides generate induced potentials respectively, and the magnitude of the potential is proportional to the number of turns. The primary and secondary coils of the transformer have different numbers of turns, which plays a role in voltage transformation.

When the primary side of the electrical transformer is rated voltage, its secondary side voltage will change with the size of the load current and the power factor.